Mannitol

Mannitol is a sugar alcohol used medically as an osmotic diuretic to reduce swelling in the brain (cerebral edema) or pressure in the eyes (glaucoma) and to treat acute kidney failure, drawing water out of tissues. It's also used as a low-calorie sweetener in foods because the body absorbs it poorly, and it can act as a laxative. Common side effects include increased urination, nausea, headache, or dizziness, with serious risks like fluid/electrolyte imbalances possible, requiring careful monitoring, especially with intravenous (IV) use.