Phenol

Phenol (C₆H₅OH), also called carbolic acid, is a white crystalline organic compound with a hydroxyl group on a benzene ring, used as a disinfectant, antiseptic (like in early surgery), and chemical precursor for plastics (resins, nylon) and medicines (aspirin, acetaminophen). It's mildly acidic, corrosive, and toxic, requiring careful handling, but also occurs naturally (vanillin, urushiol). Industrially made via the Cumene Process, it's vital for resins, fibers, and disinfectants, despite toxicity concerns